JDK scheduler

2018/06/10 scheduler

Java JDK实现调度方式有Timer和ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor (不考虑Quartz以及Spring Scheduler等)

Timer

基本类Timer/TimerTask,JDK Timer两个缺点

  • 只有一个线程执行所有TimerTask,如果有一个TimerTask比较耗时,其他TimerTask执行时间就不准了
  • TimerTask中间抛出异常会终止Timer,其他任务也不能调度了

ScheduledExecutorService / ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor

Executors.newScheduledThreadPool能解决Timer上面两个问题。从实现看,它基于优先级队列实现。

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor} with the
     * given core pool size.
     *
     * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
     *        if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0}
     */
    public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
              new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }

FixedRate & FixedDealy

  • 调度中的FixedRate指的是任务以固定时间频率执行(本次任务开始执行时间和下次任务开始执行时间是固定的)
  • 调度中的FixedDelay指的是任务结束后以固定间隔执行下一个任务(本次任务执行完成后和下次任务开始执行间隔是固定的,下次任务执行时间不固定,取决于上次任务结束时间)
  • Executors.newScheduledThreadPool FixedRate方式执行时,如果前一个任务执行时间太长,后一个任务顺延,不会并发执行。参考下面源码。
  • Timer的scheduleAtFixedRate如果任务执行时间>时间间隔,会并发执行
  /**
     * Creates and executes a periodic action that becomes enabled first
     * after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given
     * period; that is executions will commence after
     * {@code initialDelay} then {@code initialDelay+period}, then
     * {@code initialDelay + 2 * period}, and so on.
     * If any execution of the task
     * encounters an exception, subsequent executions are suppressed.
     * Otherwise, the task will only terminate via cancellation or
     * termination of the executor.  If any execution of this task
     * takes longer than its period, then subsequent executions
     * may start late, but will not concurrently execute.
     *
     * @param command the task to execute
     * @param initialDelay the time to delay first execution
     * @param period the period between successive executions
     * @param unit the time unit of the initialDelay and period parameters
     * @return a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of
     *         the task, and whose {@code get()} method will throw an
     *         exception upon cancellation
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if command is null
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if period less than or equal to zero
     */
    public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command,
                                                  long initialDelay,
                                                  long period,
                                                  TimeUnit unit);
 /**
     * Schedules the specified task for repeated <i>fixed-rate execution</i>,
     * beginning after the specified delay.  Subsequent executions take place
     * at approximately regular intervals, separated by the specified period.
     *
     * <p>In fixed-rate execution, each execution is scheduled relative to the
     * scheduled execution time of the initial execution.  If an execution is
     * delayed for any reason (such as garbage collection or other background
     * activity), two or more executions will occur in rapid succession to
     * "catch up."  In the long run, the frequency of execution will be
     * exactly the reciprocal of the specified period (assuming the system
     * clock underlying <tt>Object.wait(long)</tt> is accurate).
     *
     * <p>Fixed-rate execution is appropriate for recurring activities that
     * are sensitive to <i>absolute</i> time, such as ringing a chime every
     * hour on the hour, or running scheduled maintenance every day at a
     * particular time.  It is also appropriate for recurring activities
     * where the total time to perform a fixed number of executions is
     * important, such as a countdown timer that ticks once every second for
     * ten seconds.  Finally, fixed-rate execution is appropriate for
     * scheduling multiple repeating timer tasks that must remain synchronized
     * with respect to one another.
     *
     * @param task   task to be scheduled.
     * @param delay  delay in milliseconds before task is to be executed.
     * @param period time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code delay < 0}, or
     *         {@code delay + System.currentTimeMillis() < 0}, or
     *         {@code period <= 0}
     * @throws IllegalStateException if task was already scheduled or
     *         cancelled, timer was cancelled, or timer thread terminated.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code task} is null
     */
    public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task, long delay, long period) {
        if (delay < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative delay.");
        if (period <= 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Non-positive period.");
        sched(task, System.currentTimeMillis()+delay, period);
    }

Search

    Table of Contents